Nickel Copper Alloy,45Ni55Cu,Constantan Thermocouple Wire,ASTM E230,E FORU

**Product Overview: Nickel Copper Alloy 45Ni55Cu (Constantan Thermocouple Wire, ASTM E230)** **45Ni55Cu Constantan**, also known as **Alloy 45**, is a precision nickel-copper alloy specifically designed for thermocouple applications. As the negative leg in Type T thermocouples (paired with Copper), this alloy delivers stable thermoelectric properties, consistent EMF output, and reliable performance across a wide temperature range from cryogenic to moderate high-temperature applications. --- ### **Key Characteristics & Advantages** - **Stable Thermoelectric Properties**: Consistent EMF output with excellent reproducibility - **Low Thermal EMF**: Minimal parasitic EMF against copper - **Excellent Low-Temperature Performance**: Suitable for cryogenic applications - **Good Oxidation Resistance**: Performs well in various atmospheres - **High Electrical Resistivity**: Ideal for electrical resistance applications - **Outstanding Long-Term Stability**: Maintains calibration over extended service life --- ### **Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** | Element | Content Range (%) | Function Description | |------------------|-------------------|-----------------------| | **Nickel (Ni)** | 44.0-46.0 | Primary element controlling thermoelectric properties | | **Copper (Cu)** | Balance | Base element providing electrical conductivity | | **Manganese (Mn)**| 0.5-1.5 | Enhances thermoelectric stability and workability | | **Iron (Fe)** | ≤0.5 | Controlled impurity | | **Carbon (C)** | ≤0.1 | Minimized for optimal properties | | **Other Elements**| ≤0.2 | Controlled impurities | --- ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Typical Value | Test Conditions | |---------------------------------|------------------------|--------------------------| | **Density** | 8.92 g/cm³ | At room temperature | | **Melting Point** | 1210-1300°C | Liquidus range | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient**| 14.9 × 10⁻⁶/°C | 20-300°C range | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 21.2 W/m·K | At 20°C | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.49 μΩ·m | At 20°C | | **Seebeck Coefficient** | -35 μV/°C | Paired with Copper (Type T) | --- ### **Thermoelectric Properties (Type T Thermocouple)** | Temperature | EMF Output (mV) | Tolerance (±) | |-------------|-----------------|---------------| | **-200°C** | -5.603 | 1.0°C or 0.75% | | **0°C** | 0.000 | 1.0°C or 0.75% | | **100°C** | 4.277 | 1.0°C or 0.75% | | **200°C** | 9.286 | 1.0°C or 0.75% | | **300°C** | 14.860 | 1.0°C or 0.75% | --- ### **Mechanical Properties** | Property | Typical Value | Test Conditions | |------------------------|----------------------|----------------------------| | **Tensile Strength** | 520-620 MPa | Annealed condition | | **Yield Strength (0.2%)** | 220-300 MPa | At 0.2% offset | | **Elongation** | 35-45% | In 50 mm | | **Hardness** | 110-150 HV | Annealed condition | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 165 GPa | At room temperature | --- ### **International Standards & Specifications** 45Ni55Cu Constantan complies with the following international standards: - **ASTM E230**: Standard Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples - **IEC 60584-1**: Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances - **ASTM B3**: Standard Specification for Soft or Annealed Copper Wire - **MIL-T-24388**: Thermocouples, Wire, Metal-Sheathed, Insulated - **ANSI MC96.1**: Temperature Measurement Thermocouples - **GB/T 2614**: Chinese Standard for Type T Thermocouple Alloys --- ### **Applications** 1. **Temperature Measurement**: - Type T thermocouples for low and moderate temperatures - Cryogenic temperature measurement - HVAC and refrigeration systems - Food processing and storage monitoring 2. **Industrial Process Control**: - Plastic extrusion and molding equipment - Chemical process monitoring - Pharmaceutical manufacturing - Environmental chambers 3. **Laboratory and Scientific**: - Research and development instruments - Calibration standards - Educational laboratory equipment - Precision measurement systems 4. **Electrical Applications**: - Precision resistors - Electrical resistance wires - Strain gauge elements - Potentiometer windings --- ### **Operating Parameters** - **Temperature Range**: -200°C to 370°C (-330°F to 700°F) - **Atmosphere**: Air, inert gases, vacuum - **Maximum Continuous**: 370°C (700°F) - **Maximum Short-term**: 425°C (800°F) - **Calibration**: Type T (Copper/Constantan) --- ### **Available Forms** - **Thermocouple Wire**: Insulated and bare, various AWG sizes - **Extension Wire**: For connection to instruments - **Strip and Foil**: For surface temperature sensors - **Bare Wire**: For custom sensor fabrication - **Miniature Pairs**: For high-density applications --- **Disclaimer**: *The information provided is for technical reference purposes only. Thermocouple performance depends on proper installation, wire diameter, insulation type, and environmental conditions. Users should verify calibration and performance for specific applications. Always follow ASTM E230 specifications and manufacturer's recommendations for thermocouple fabrication and installation. Performance in oxidizing atmospheres above 370°C may require protective sheaths.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3114 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.