Alloy 28，Incoloy 028 Rod，UNS N08028,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:，German Specs:WS 1.4563

**Product Name:** Alloy 28 / Incoloy® 028 Rod | UNS N08028 **Material Type:** Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Molybdenum Austenitic Stainless Steel Rod **Standard:** ASTM B668, ASME SB668, ASTM A479 --- ### **Overview** Alloy 28 Rod (UNS N08028), commercially known as **Incoloy® 028**, is a nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel rod specifically engineered for superior corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid and other aggressive chemical environments. The rod form provides excellent machining characteristics and mechanical properties, making it ideal for manufacturing critical components in chemical processing, oil and gas, and pollution control applications. --- ### **Key Advantages** - **Exceptional Sulfuric Acid Resistance:** Superior performance in sulfuric acid environments - **Excellent Chloride Resistance:** Enhanced resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion - **Good Mechanical Properties:** High strength combined with excellent ductility - **Superior Machinability:** Better machining characteristics than conventional stainless steels - **Excellent Fabricability:** Good weldability and formability characteristics - **High Temperature Capability:** Maintains properties at elevated temperatures --- ### **Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Element | Content (%) | |---------|-------------|---------|-------------| | Nickel (Ni) | 29.0-32.0 | Chromium (Cr) | 26.0-28.0 | | Iron (Fe) | Balance | Molybdenum (Mo) | 3.0-4.0 | | Copper (Cu) | 0.6-1.4 | Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.0 | | Silicon (Si) | ≤1.0 | Carbon (C) | ≤0.03 | | Nitrogen (N) | 0.15-0.25 | Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.03 | | Sulfur (S) | ≤0.03 | | | --- ### **Physical & Mechanical Properties** #### **Physical Properties** - **Density:** 8.0 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³) - **Melting Range:** 1370-1400°C (2500-2550°F) - **Thermal Expansion Coefficient:** 15.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 12.0 W/m·K at 100°C - **Electrical Resistivity:** 0.85 μΩ·m at 20°C #### **Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)** | Property | Typical Value | |----------|---------------| | Tensile Strength | 600-750 MPa (87-109 ksi) | | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | 300-400 MPa (44-58 ksi) | | Elongation | 35-50% | | Hardness | 170-220 HB | | Reduction of Area | 45-65% | --- ### **Product Specifications** #### **Rod Specifications** - **Diameter Range:** 1/8" to 12" (3 mm to 300 mm) - **Length:** Standard 10-20 feet (3-6 meters), cut lengths available - **Tolerances:** ±0.005" for diameters up to 1", ±0.001" for precision applications - **Surface Finish:** Hot finished, cold finished, centerless ground, polished - **Condition:** Solution annealed and pickled #### **Available Conditions** - Hot Finished, Annealed and Pickled - Cold Finished, Annealed and Pickled - Centerless Turned - Precision Ground --- ### **International Standards & Certifications** - **UNS:** N08028 - **ASTM/ASME:** B668/SB668 - **ASTM A479:** Stainless Steel Bars for Pressure Vessels - **EN:** 1.4563 (X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4) - **DIN:** 2.4603 - **Certifications:** NACE MR0175, PED 2014/68/EU, ISO 15156 --- ### **Applications** #### **Chemical Processing Industry** - Pump shafts and impellers - Valve stems and trim components - Mixer shafts and agitators - Fasteners and stud bolts - Reactor internals and accessories - Heat exchanger components #### **Oil & Gas Industry** - Downhole tool components - Valve trim parts - Pump components for corrosive service - Fasteners for sour service - Wellhead components #### **Pollution Control Equipment** - Scrubber system components - FGD system parts - Waste water treatment equipment - Environmental protection systems #### **Industrial Applications** - Bearing components for corrosive environments - Fastener manufacturing - Specialized machinery components - Structural components in corrosive atmospheres --- ### **Fabrication Characteristics** #### **Machining Operations** - **Machinability Rating:** 45-55% of B1112 steel - **Cutting Speed:** 35-55 SFPM for turning operations - **Tool Geometry:** Positive rake angles recommended - **Coolant:** Essential for optimal tool life and surface finish - **Chip Control:** Produces continuous chips #### **Welding Procedures** - **Recommended Methods:** GTAW, GMAW, SMAW - **Filler Metals:** Alloy 28, ERNiCrMo-4, ENiCrMo-4 - **Preheat:** Not required - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** Generally not necessary - **Shielding Gas:** 100% Argon for GTAW #### **Heat Treatment** - **Solution Annealing:** 1150-1200°C (2100-2190°F) followed by rapid cooling - **Stress Relieving:** 500-550°C (930-1020°F) when required - **Annealing Atmosphere:** Bright annealing available --- ### **Corrosion Resistance** #### **Chemical Resistance** - **Excellent Resistance:** Sulfuric acid (various concentrations and temperatures) - **Good Resistance:** Phosphoric acid, nitric acid, organic acids - **Chloride Resistance:** Superior pitting and crevice corrosion resistance - **Limitations:** Not recommended for hydrochloric acid service #### **Special Features** - High chromium content provides excellent oxidation resistance - Molybdenum enhances resistance to localized corrosion - Copper addition improves resistance to sulfuric acid - Balanced composition for wide pH range coverage --- ### **Quality Assurance** #### **Testing & Certification** - Chemical analysis certification - Mechanical property testing - Corrosion testing per ASTM G48 - Ultrasonic testing per ASTM A388 - Full material traceability #### **Quality Standards** - Mill test certificates to EN 10204 3.1/3.2 - Dimensional verification per applicable standards - Surface quality inspection - Non-destructive testing as required --- ### **Design Considerations** #### **Allowable Stresses** | Temperature (°C) | Maximum Allowable Stress (MPa) | |------------------|-------------------------------| | -29 to 38 | 138 | | 100 | 138 | | 150 | 130 | | 200 | 122 | | 250 | 115 | #### **Fabrication Guidelines** - Maintain clean working environment - Use dedicated tools for nickel alloys - Avoid carbon steel contamination - Proper storage to prevent surface damage - Follow recommended machining parameters --- ### **Conclusion** Alloy 28/Incoloy® 028 Rod offers an exceptional combination of corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and fabrication versatility for manufacturing critical components in aggressive chemical environments. Its superior performance in sulfuric acid and chloride-containing media, combined with excellent machinability and weldability, makes it the material of choice for pump shafts, valve components, fasteners, and other critical parts in chemical processing, oil and gas, and pollution control applications. The rod form provides manufacturers with reliable raw material for producing high-performance components that ensure long-term reliability in the most demanding corrosive conditions. --- *Incoloy® is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. All technical data are typical values and should be verified for specific applications. Consult manufacturer's specifications for project-specific requirements and performance data.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2691 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.