2014-T6; 2014-T651 Aluminum alloy,Aluminum 2014-T6; 2014-T651 alloy,E FORU

### **Technical Datasheet: 2014 Aluminum Alloy in T6 & T651 Tempers** **2014 Aluminum Alloy** is a high-strength, heat-treatable alloy from the aluminum-copper series (2xxx series). It is renowned for its very high strength and excellent machinability. The **T6** and **T651** tempers represent the peak strength condition for this alloy, achieved through a process of solution heat treatment, quenching, and artificial aging. * **T6 Temper:** The material has been solution heat-treated and then artificially aged. This temper provides the highest strength but may contain residual internal stresses from quenching. * **T651 Temper:** This is a stress-relieved version of the T6 temper. The product has been stretched (for rolled or extruded products) after solution heat treatment to reduce these internal stresses. This significantly improves dimensional stability during subsequent machining or upon exposure to elevated temperatures, making it the preferred choice for high-precision components. --- ### **1. Chemical Composition** The typical chemical composition of 2014 Aluminum Alloy is standardized as follows (weight %): | Element | Content (%) | | :--- | :--- | | **Aluminum (Al)** | Balance | | **Copper (Cu)** | 3.9 - 5.0 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.50 - 1.2 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.40 - 1.2 | | **Magnesium (Mg)** | 0.20 - 0.8 | | **Chromium (Cr)** | ≤ 0.10 | | **Zinc (Zn)** | ≤ 0.25 | | **Iron (Fe)** | ≤ 0.50 | | **Others (Each)** | ≤ 0.05 | | **Others (Total)** | ≤ 0.15 | **Key Point:** The high Copper (Cu) content is the primary strengthening element. Silicon (Si) and Magnesium (Mg) form Mg₂Si, which contributes to the alloy's response to artificial aging. --- ### **2. Physical Properties** The physical properties are consistent across the T6 and T651 tempers, as they share the same metallurgical structure. | Property | Value | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 2.80 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³) | | **Melting Range** | ~ 507 - 638 °C (945 - 1180 °F) | | **Electrical Conductivity** | 34-40% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 134 - 154 W/m·K | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20-100°C)** | 23.0 x 10⁻⁶/°C (12.8 x 10⁻⁶/°F) | | **Modulus of Elasticity (Elastic Modulus)** | 72.4 GPa (10.5 x 10⁶ psi) | | **Shear Modulus** | 28 GPa (4.0 x 10⁶ psi) | --- ### **3. Mechanical Properties (Typical)** The T6/T651 tempers offer significantly higher strength than the T4 temper. The following are typical minimum or average values for commonly available forms like plate and bar. | Property | 2014-T6 / T651 (Typical) | | :--- | :--- | | **Tensile Ultimate Strength** | 450 - 485 MPa (65 - 70 ksi) | | **Tensile Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 400 - 415 MPa (58 - 60 ksi) | | **Elongation (in 50 mm / 2 in)** | 10 - 13% | | **Hardness (Brinell)** | ~ 135 HB | | **Fatigue Strength** | ~ 125 MPa (18 ksi) | **Note:** The primary mechanical difference between T6 and T651 is not in the strength numbers, but in the stress-relieved condition of T651, which minimizes the risk of warping during machining. --- ### **4. Key Characteristics & Applications** #### **Key Characteristics:** * **Very High Strength:** Offers the highest strength available for 2014 alloy, comparable to many steels but at a much lower weight. * **Excellent Machinability:** Rated "A" (the highest rating) by the Aluminum Association. It machines to a fine surface finish and produces clean, broken chips. * **Fair Weldability:** Can be welded using resistance welding methods (spot, seam). However, arc welding (MIG/TIG) is generally not recommended due to a high susceptibility to solidification cracking and a significant loss of strength in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). * **Poor Corrosion Resistance:** The high copper content makes it one of the least corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys, especially in marine or chemical environments. It often requires protective coatings (paint, anodizing) or Alclad layers for service. * **Good Workability in Annealed State:** Forming is best done in the "O" (annealed) condition before final heat treatment to the T6 temper. #### **Primary Applications:** This alloy is a workhorse for high-stress, precision-machined components. * **Aerospace:** Primary application area. Used for aircraft fuselage frames, wing ribs, bulkheads, undercarriage components, and other critical airframe structures. * **Military & Defense:** Armored vehicle panels, structural components for military aircraft, and weapon systems parts. * **Automotive:** High-performance and racing components such as suspension parts, powertrain mounts, and chassis components. * **Industrial Machinery:** Forgings and extrusions for heavy-duty mechanical parts, robotic arms, and screw machine products that require high strength and stability. --- ### **5. International Standards** 2014 Aluminum Alloy in T6/T651 tempers is specified by all major international standards organizations. | Standard Body | Standard Designation | | :--- | :--- | | **Aluminum Association (AA)** | **AA 2014-T6, AA 2014-T651** | | **ASTM International** | **ASTM B209** (Sheet and Plate), **ASTM B211** (Bar, Rod, and Wire), **ASTM B247** (Forgings) | | **Aerospace (AMS)** | **AMS 4035** (Sheet & Plate), **AMS 4120** (Bar, Rod, and Wire) - Often specifies T6511 for extruded rod/bar. | | **ISO (International)** | **ISO AlCu4SiMg** (Chemical name), specified in standards like **ISO 6361** (Wrought Products) | | **European (EN)** | **EN AW-2014** / **EN 573-3** (Material Standard), Tempers: **T6, T6510, T6511** | | **Unified Numbering System (UNS)** | **UNS A92014** | --- ### **Summary: T6 vs. T651** * **Choose 2014-T6** for general applications where the highest strength is required, and minimal machining is involved. * **Choose 2014-T651** when the component requires extensive machining, tight tolerances, and superior dimensional stability is critical to prevent warping. This is the standard for aerospace structural components. In essence, **2014-T6/T651** is a premium choice for applications where its superior strength and machinability outweigh its limitations in corrosion resistance and weldability.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1521 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.